Monday, December 1, 2014
Three Prokaryotes
Some of the diversity of prokaryotes is evident in their external features, including shape, cell walls, and projections such as flagella. These features are useful for identifying prokaryotes as well as helping the organisms survive in their environments, Determining cell shape by microscopic examination is an important step in identifying prokaryotes. Spherical prokaryotic cells are called cocci. Rod-shaped prokaryotes are called bacilli. A third prokaryotic cell shape is spiral, like a corkscrew. Spiral prokaryotes that are relatively short and rigid are called spirilla; those with longer, more flexible cells that cause Lyme disease, are called spirochetes. Nearly all prokaryotes have a cell wall, a feature that enables them to live in a wide range of environments. The cell wall provides physical protection and prevents the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment. Some prokaryotes have external structures that extend beyond the cell wall. Many bacteria and archaea are equipped with flagella, adaptions that enable them to move about in response to chemical or physical signals in their environment. Biology book page 320-321
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