Gene Cloning

To start off the process of gene cloning, biologists isolate two kinds of DNA, a bacterial plasmid and the DNA from another organism that includes the gene that codes for protein V. The DNA containing gene V could come from different bacterium, a plant, a nonhuman animal, or even human tissue cells. Both the plasmid and the gene V source DNA are treated with an enzyme that cuts. The cells DNA is cut with the same enzyme. The cut DNA from both sources are mixed. DNA ligase is added joining the two DNA molecules by way of covalent bonds. The recombinant plasmid is taken up by a bacterium through transformation. The recombinant bacterium then reproduces to form a clone of cells, each carrying a copy of gene V. This step is actual gene cloning. This process can be used to create a number of products. Copies of gene itself can be the immediate product, used in plants. Other times, the protein product of the cloned gene is harvested and used, to make "stoned-washed" blue jeans. A protein can also be used to dissolve blood clots in heart attack therapy.

 

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